Cycloplegic refraction in children with cyclopentolate versus atropine

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two cycloplegic drugs used in cycloplegic refraction in hyperopic children

Study Design: Hospital based cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Out-patient department of Ophthalmology Dow University of Health Science [Ohja campus], Karachi Pakistan from January 2011 to June 2011

Materials and Methods: We instilled cyclopentolate 1% drops and refracted the patient followed after a few days with atropine eye drops 1% instillation and the results of both drugs were compared. The data are presented as mean and standard deviation [SD]. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software 19. A P-value of lessthan0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results: The total refractions were recorded after cycloplegia with atropine 1% and cyclopentolate 1% eye drops. Atropine refraction [mean4.05 D] was statically insignificantly comparing with cyclopentolate refraction [mean 3.315 D; P>0.05]

Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the cycloplegic refraction values between the two drugs hence cyclopentolate is a safe and effective drug to be used in cycloplegic refraction

Screening of hepatitis B and C viruses in patients before ocular surgical procedures

Objective: To screen and see the incidence of hepatitis B and C among patients before ocular surgical procedures

Study Design: Prospective / Observational Study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Dow University Hospital [ojha campus] of Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan from May 2014 to December2014

Patients and Methods: 223 patients above the age of 18 years were screened for hepatitis B and C before going ocular surgery by immune-chromatographic method [ICT].The patients who were positive for hepatitis were further confirmed by Enzyme LinkedImmunosorbent Assay [ELISA]

Results: Total number of patients screened was 223. 11 [4.93%] patients were positive for hepatitis B and C, out of which 2[0.9%] were hepatitis B positive and 9[4%] were hepatitis C positive. Prevalence among male patient was 6.97% while among female was 2.12%

Conclusion: The eye patients show high incidence of hepatitis B and C. Therefore, it is mandatory for all patients who need ocular surgery to be screened by serological test for hepatitis B and C preoperatively

Prevalence of different refractive errors and their relation to age and sex in patients presenting in the outpatient department of ophthalmology at Dow University of Health Sciences

To see the prevalence of different refractive errors and their relation to age and sex in patients presenting in the Outpatient department of Ophthalmology at Dow University of Health Science. Cross sectional study This study was carried out at the out-patient department of Ophthalmology Dow University of Health Science [OJHA campus], Karachi Pakistan from January 2011 to June 2011. Total of 691 patients were included in the study. The testing and examination protocol included visual acuity measurement using Snellen and E chart after auto refraction, cycloplegic retinoscopy in children and examination of anterior segment and fundus in all patients. Mean age was 42.11 +/- 17.35 years. Males were 323 and females were 368 in number. The most frequent refractive error was Myopia which was found in 153 [22.1%] patients and the second frequent refractive error was Myopic Astigmatism at a frequency of 148[21.4%]; p value was 0.037. Thus Myopia and myopic astigmatism were the most frequent refractive error in age group ranging from 05-75 years. In our study we found Myopia to be the most common refractive error [n=153 22.1%] followed by Myopic Astigmatism [n=148 21.4%]. Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism were seen in males more than females while hypermetropia, hypermetropic astigmatism and mixed astigmatism were seen in more in females as compared to males

Visual outcome and complications of phacoemulsification catract surgery performed by residents at al ibrahim eye hospital, karachi

To describe visual outcome and the complications related to cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique by fourth-year ophthalmology residents at Al-ibrahim eye hospital, Karachi, who are trained to perform phacoemulsification with prior experience with manual extracapsular extraction. Prospective, observational case series. We prospectively analyzed the incidence of complications and visual outcomes in the initial 575 phacoemulsifications [575 patients] performed by the 5 residents learning phacoemulsification in our training programe. All were experienced in standard [manual] extra capsular cataract extraction. Postoperative follow up of 6 weeks was available in 547 eyes. The 28 patients [28 eyes] lost to follow up did not have any intra-operative complications. Of 575 cataract surgeries, 559 eyes [97.2%] were performed using phacoemulsification technique. Posterior capsule disruption without vitreous loss occurred in 16 [2.8%], vitreous loss in 15 [2.6%] and IOL displaced into vitreous in 4 [0.7%] of 559 cases that underwent phacoemulsification technique. Other complications encountered in-Cluded localized corneal edema [23 eyes], iris damage interiorly [1 eye] and clinical cystoid macular edema [1 eyes]. A best corrected visual acuity of 6/ 12 or better was obtained in 521 eyes [95.2%] of the 547 eyes available for the six week follow up. In the eyes with vitreous loss, 10 out of 15 had visual acuity better than 6/12. The residents can perform phacoemulsification well with a very low complication rate, with prior training with extra capsular cataract extraction technique